C&P#116: vaginal suppositories + cannabinoids for autism, PTSD & COVID
C&P#116: vaginal suppositories + cannabinoids for autism, PTSD & COVID
France & Italy backwards + Pakistan & Thailand forward
This week…
CBD vaginal suppositories for menstrual symptoms!
CBD for autism & cannabis for PTSD
With COVID, cannabis users fared better
A unique study: for musicians with musculoskeletal disorders, cannabis helped their pain
Surprise: stoners more prone to workplace absenteeism
5 on cannabinoids & the guts
A handful of deaths linked to synthetic cannabinoids
Putting hemp into a silo for animal feed increases the decarboxylation
Do you know how to make the CBD dimer cannabitwinol (CBDD)?
LSD for dogs with autism
Hello everyone,
Welcome to the 116th edition of Cannabinoids & the People, Lex Pelger’s free weekly digest of all the new cannabinoid science + assorted canna-news & psychedelic updates. Upgrade to a paid subscription here to support my work sharing canna-science. On the cannabinoids, ask me anything.
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Best Of Cannabinoid Science...
In a big study for making the news, those with recent & frequent cannabis use or cannabis use disorder “are disproportionately prone to workplace absenteeism”
Cannabis Use, Use Disorder, and Workplace Absenteeism in the U.S., 2021–2022
https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(24)00258-7/fulltext
I guess the question is whether this is a bug or a feature?
Clinical
For menstrual symptoms, a survey on a broad-spectrum CBD vaginal suppository found reduced frequency & severity of menstrual-related symptoms including daily functioning & the need for painkillers
A survey-based, quasi-experimental study assessing a high-cannabidiol suppository for menstrual-related pain and discomfort
https://www.nature.com/articles/s44294-024-00032-0
In musicians with musculoskeletal disorders, medical cannabis significantly reduced pain intensity & pain interference
Impact of Medical Cannabis on Recovery from Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Musicians: An Observational Cohort Study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38998869/
Never saw a study focused on musicians before.
In children with autism, two weeks of CBD oil improved social functioning & anxiety symptoms & reduced parental distress
Effects of Cannabidiol on Social Relating, Anxiety, and Parental Stress in Autistic Children: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.24309024v1
In public health data on people with COVID, the cannabis users had better had “lower rates of severe COVID-19 infection, intubation, ARDS [acute respiratory distress syndrome], acute respiratory failure, severe sepsis with multiorgan failure, mortality & [a] shorter length of hospital stay”
Exploring the Relationship Between Cannabis Use And COVID-19 Outcomes
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/can.2024.0048
In people with daytime sleepiness from hypertension (high blood pressure), five weeks of CBD improved their fatigue & vitality scores as well as psychological well-being
Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Mitigates Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue in Patients with Primary Hypertension: Insights from a Randomized Crossover Trial
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/can.2024.0028
In people with PTSD in the T21 UK patient registry, those inhaling cannabis reported significant improvements in mood, sleep quality, intrusion symptoms, reactivity alternations & overall health
Controlled inhalation of THC-predominant cannabis flos mitigates severity of PTSD symptoms and improves quality of sleep and general mood in cannabis-experienced UK civilians: a real-world, observational study
https://karger.com/mca/article-pdf/doi/10.1159/000540978/4272286/000540978.pdf
For inflammatory bowel disease, a meta-analysis of 8 studies suggested cannabinoids are associated with improved disease activity & quality of life in both Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis
Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Impact of Cannabinoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ibd/izae158/7743320
And in a survey of people with gastrointestinal symptoms, one year of cannabis provided persistent symptom severity improvement
Relief in Gastrointestinal Symptoms with Medical Marijuana Over 1 Year
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39015606/
And in people with intestinal barrier dysfunction, hemp hulls helped to restore intestinal barrier integrity
A pilot study of hemp hull bio gut fibre (BGF) to reduce intestinal permeability in IBS-BAD
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.18164?prg140729=fd0b050a-78ce-412b-bbd2-17fe7e819c54
And in a mouse model of colitis, high CBG/CBD hemp extract dramatically reduced disease severity & increased colon length & decreased colon tissue damage partially via alterations to the microbiome
High Cannabigerol Hemp Extract Moderates Colitis and Modulates the Microbiome in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39009468/
And in children with internal bowel disease, cannabis users had increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines & differences in their T cell signaling
Priming lymphocyte responsiveness and differential T cell signaling in pediatric IBD patients with Cannabis use
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39026778/
“Chronic cannabis use among IBD patients is associated with increased risk for surgical interventions.”
60 minutes of running increased endocannabinoid levels (runner high?)
Investigating Runner’s High: Changes in Mood and Endocannabinoid Concentrations after a 60 min Outdoor Run Considering Sex, Running Frequency, and Age
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/9/232
But this study found reduced muscle endurance as well as increased blood pressure & heart rate from cannabis smoking
Physical and Cognitive Performance Impairment with Cannabis Consumption in Adults Over 12 hours
https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4823508/v1/ed527d49-ad79-4645-b43b-7cc242786ef1.pdf?c=1725234280
In people who ate 10 milligrams of THC, a battery of cognitive tests found increased reaction times for up to 4 hours, reduced accuracy on the go/no go reaction time test for 6 hours & more errors on the visuospatial trail making test at 2 hours
A six-hour time series of the acute effects of ingested cannabis intoxication on a battery of cognitive tasks
https://www.scapps.org/jems/index.php/1/article/view/3501
This is why, when getting high, I strenuously avoid neurocognitive tests.
Hell, it makes me love typing out quotes on my typewriter, but the error rate there is also pretty high…
In a case report of someone with developmental epileptic encephalopathy (a rare, usually genetic, disorder resulting in seizures & severe developmental delays), the benefits of off-label CBD included not only its anti-seizure effects but also “striking improvement in sleep quality, mood, behavior, language and motor skills”
Off-label use of cannabidiol in genetic epileptic and developmental encephalopathies: A case report
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39040437/
In a group of dogs in a double-blind study, two weeks of CBD/CBDA-rich hemp extract at 4 mg/kg/day was well tolerated
Tolerability of 2 and 4 mg/kg Dosing Every 12 Hour of a Cannabidiol- and Cannabidiolic Acid-Rich Hemp Extract on Mixed-Breed Dogs Utilized for Teaching in a Closed Colony
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38997975/
Harms
For people with cannabis use disorder, the drug lorcaserin (which activates the serotonin 2C-receptor) decreased cannabis use, however it was well tolerated in males but not females
Open Label Pilot of Lorcaserin (a serotonin 2C-receptor agonist) for Cannabis Use Disorder
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39021751/
In a cohort of patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism (aka Graves’ disease, where the body produces too much of the thyroid hormone), the cannabis users had a significantly increased risk for thyroid eye disease
Effect of Cannabis Usage on Thyroid Eye Disease
https://journals.lww.com/op-rs/abstract/9900/effect_of_cannabis_usage_on_thyroid_eye_disease.460.aspx
In a study of 96 cases of deaths caused by new psychoactive substances, while synthetic cannabinoids were often in the list, only three of the cases involved synthetic cannabinoids alone
New psychoactive substances - 96 cases of deaths related to their use based on the material originating from forensic toxicological practice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073824002858
And three deaths in Cook County jail perhaps due to the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-4en-PINACA
MDMB-4en-PINACA-Related Deaths in Cook County Jail: Awareness and Preventive Measures
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39018467/
The problem for a toxicologist of determining the cause of death is further hampered because these synthetic cannabinoids tend to be quickly metabolized & cleared by the body, so you can't always be sure what was there.
On concern over the adolescent use of delta-8 THC
Adolescent Use of Delta-8 THC: Reasons for Concern
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013166/
A clinical summary of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome
Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome: What Do We Know?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39015607/
And a case report of CHS in a cannabis user who had stopped using the week before
Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in a Recently Abstinent Chronic User: Assessment and Intervention
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39023110/
“CHS can occur soon after the interruption of chronic cannabis use and overlap with withdrawal symptom. A combination of anti-histaminergic, opioid-based medication, and antidepressant mirtazapine seemed an effective treatment of CHS, which resulted in a relatively quick recovery.”
A case report of cannabis abuse associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (aka stress cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart)
Cannabis abuse association with takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Pakistan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39018062/
A case report of sublingual HHCP (a synthetic cannabinoid) leading to a post-vomiting convulsion, visual hallucinations & 4 days in the hospital
A Case of Acute Intoxication from Sublingually Administering a Liquid Inhalation Product Containing a Marijuana Analogue
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39182181/
Reviews
For wound healing, a review of the benefits of CBD as well as tests in diabetic mice on CBD improving their wound closure
Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000244/
Warning: the graphics of diabetic wounds in this paper are, well… graphic
For neuroinflammation, a review of the efficacy of the cannabinoids
Phytocannabinoids—Evaluation of their therapeutic role in neuroinflammation
https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100487/100487.pdf
On the interplay of cannabinoids & glutamate (the brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter) – with one great chart!
Effects of Cannabis on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: The Interplay between Cannabinoids and Glutamate
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38994982/
By the way, here's my science writing on the same subject: ‘Glutamate, A Love Story’ on Project CBD
On the interplay of cannabinoids & GABA (the brains primary inhibitory neurotransmitter)
GABAA receptor modulation by the endocannabinoid system: insights into the regulatory mechanisms involving glutamine synthetase and MAPK mediators
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13577-024-01126-2
By the way, here's my science writing on the same subject: ‘Taking It Slow With GABA’ on Project CBD (with a related favorite Silly Symphony cartoon).
On the interplay between cannabinoid & muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for epilepsy & neuronal excitability
The Relationship between Muscarinic and Cannabinoid Receptors in Neuronal Excitability and Epilepsy: A Review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39015608/
By the way, here’s a related 2-part series reading from my graphic novels on the active ingredient of tobacco, the discovery of acetylcholine & the great Soup v Spark debate:
The Chemical Solution to Nicotine
Acetylcholine & the Great Soup vs Spark Debate
Preclinical
In a mouse model of neuroinflammation, a CBD-rich hemp extract reduced anxiety, cognitive decline & locomotor impairments as well as suppressing oxidative stress & pro-inflammatory cytokine release
Cannabidiol-rich Cannabis sativa L. Extract Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Male Mice: Computational Inference with Deep Learning Approach
https://essopenarchive.org/doi/full/10.22541/au.172481353.33736165
In red blood cells, CBD increased hemoglobin release
In vitro Effect of Cannabidiol on Red Blood Cells: Implication in Long-Lasting Pathology Treatment
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2024/00000030/00000028/art00003
The antibiotic activity of a hemp seed oil
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE MONOECIOUS HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) SEED OIL, VARIETY MARA 21
https://agronomyjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2024/issue_1/Art43.pdf
And a thesis project on antibiotic variants of CBG
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cannabigerol Inspired Antimicrobial Compounds
https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/handle/11375/30081
Cannabis roots: their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & antibiotic properties
Rooted in therapeutics: comprehensive analyses of Cannabis sativa root extracts reveals potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal properties
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1465136/full
Cannabis roots were a common medical ingredient from the Greeks through the Romans to the medieval doctors. It's a shame we no longer use it.
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the Headlines & Fav Articles
FDA official says that although they have the authority to confiscate cannabis-infused foods, they usually just send letters instead
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/fda-can-seize-cannabis-edibles-and-drinks-agency-official-tells-congress-but-usually-just-sends-warning-letters-instead
And according to the Congressional Research Service, the FDA could approve hemp as a tobacco additive, but not high-THC cannabis even if it's rescheduled
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/fda-could-approve-hemp-as-a-tobacco-additive-but-marijuana-wont-be-allowed-even-if-rescheduled-congressional-researchers-say
Six US states had record-breaking monthly cannabis sales
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/six-u-s-states-report-setting-new-monthly-marijuana-sales-records
Since mid-2021, US states collected $8.7 billion in cannabis taxes according to the US Census
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/new-federal-data-shows-states-collected-more-than-8-7-billion-in-marijuana-taxes-since-2021
Yes, but this plant is being unfairly taxed to death.
Nationwide legalization would save $29B in annual health insurance costs according to medical cannabis card company Leafwell
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/nationwide-legalization-of-medical-marijuana-could-save-29-billion-in-annual-health-insurance-costs-study-finds
By the way, Leafwell has the most beautiful canna-science archive I’ve ever seen.
A Georgia pharmacy is defying a DEA letter & continuing to sell medical cannabis under Georgia's medical cannabis law that allows registered pharmacies to dispense our favorite plant
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/georgia-pharmacy-begins-selling-medical-marijuana-to-patients-in-defiance-of-dea-warnings-about-federal-law
“It’s a new frontier,” [said pharmacy owner Vic Johnson]. “I really think pharmacies are an ideal outlet for dispensing medical cannabis, because if you come to my pharmacy already, we can talk about what medications you already are taking.” He’s risking a DEA revocation of his license to distribute federally controlled substances.
“Johnson told AJC that he’s considering giving up his DEA registry, which could allow him to sidestep the DEA situation. That would mean Living Well Pharmacy could no longer dispense other substances in Schedules II–V of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), including painkillers, sleeping pills and even some cough medicines.” Overall, “I think our customers feel more comfortable buying this product through a pharmacy, where records are kept and we know their medical history.”
#LoveAnUnderdog
International
In France, the medical cannabis program probably will not be ready until 2026
https://businessofcannabis.com/frances-medical-cannabis-launch-likely-to-be-delayed-until-2026/
This is a frustrating place to live if you like grass.
In Pakistan, the National Assembly passes a cannabis regulation bill
https://www.brecorder.com/news/40322378/cannabis-control-regulatory-authority-bill-2024-passed
And to allow for the commercial cultivation of hemp beginning in January 2025
https://english.aaj.tv/news/330375450/pakistan-to-allow-commercial-cultivation-of-hemp-from-january-2025
In Thailand, the Ministry of Public Health filed a bill to regulate cannabis
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-18/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal
In Italy, the Lower House approved an article banning “cannabis light” (hemp flowers & products with very low THC levels)
https://ansabrasil.com.br/english/news/2024/09/12/lower-house-approves-crackdown-on-cannabis-light_e092f912-b5bc-46ef-b592-9d160aa475dc.html
“When it has a low THC content, cannabis has the same psychoactive effect as basil," said centre-left Democratic Party (PD) lawmaker Rachele Scarpa. "Nutmeg is more of a drug than the substance you are making illegal".
Which is true. Nutmeg is a hellva drug.
In Malta, a thesis project on what can be done to improve the cannabis laws
The effects of the recent legislation on the legalisation of cannabis : any room for further reform?
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/126142
In Morocco, the cannabis farms threatening biodiversity
Moroccan cannabis farms threaten biodiversity
https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adq5140
In Canadian voters, a favorable opinion of cannabis made them vote more liberal
It’s Just a Little High: Testing the Effect of the Legalization of Marijuana on Voters’ Behaviour in Canada
https://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/cpsr/article/view/1840
In Canadian cannabis retailers, a media analysis study found the most reported barriers to be “related to government regulations, supply chain & competitors”
Examining the Barriers to Licensed Private Cannabis Retailers in Canada: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Canadian News Media Coverage
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00914509241271654
An analysis of the economic benefits of cannabis for Africa
Cannabis Unveiled: From History to Innovation, Exploring the World of Cannabis Strains, Chemistry, Industry and Economic Impact
https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_199578.html
In Sierra Leone, on the use of synthetic cannabinoids
Synthetic Cannabinoids in Sierra Leone: Understanding the use of ‘Kush’ among youths and Its Socioeconomic Impact in Sierra Leone and Subregion
https://essopenarchive.org/doi/full/10.22541/au.172486772.20253507
The Laws, The War on Drugs & the End of Prohibition
<drum roll please> The President’s list of drug transit & drug-producing country is…
Afghanistan, The Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Burma, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Laos, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Peru & Venezuela
(with Bolivia, Burma & Venezuela getting the firmest finger shaking)
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/09/15/memorandum-on-the-presidential-determination-on-major-drug-transit-or-major-illicit-drug-producing-countries-for-fiscal-year-2025
#EndTheDrugWar
German judges not loving having to review 280,000 old cannabis cases for amnesty
https://cannabislaw.report/the-german-justice-system-is-reviewing-280000-old-cases-after-cannabis-amnesty-german-association-of-judges-not-happy-with-the-extra-work
Lessons from regulations on electronic nicotine delivery systems for the regulations around cannabinoids
Lessons for Cannabinoid Regulation from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Product Regulation
https://policycommons.net/artifacts/15471260/lessons-for-cannabinoid-regulation-from-electronic-nicotine-delivery-system-product-regulation/16364632/
The Illinois Supreme Court rules the smell of burnt cannabis does not justify a vehicle search
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/illinois-supreme-court-says-police-cant-use-smell-of-burnt-marijuana-to-justify-vehicle-searches
For driving after cannabis use, a meta-analysis found that most people are against it, but cannabis users are more likely to be in favor of it
Attitudes toward driving after cannabis use: A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847824002043
For truck safety, an analysis of heavy truck crash statistics saw heterogeneous effects from cannabis legalization (less in CO, NJ & WA, more in CT & VA)
Marijuana Legalization and Truck Safety
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbl.12392
My guess is that these truckers are crossing the country & the legality in individual states matters little.
For measuring saliva cannabinoid & ethanol levels, a smartphone-based paper system
Unveiling the potential of the capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based device integrated with smartphone-based for simultaneously colorimetric salivary ethanol and △9-tetrahydrocannabinol analysis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914024011494
Psychedelics, Plant Medicines & Other Psychoactives
Therapists argue that psychedelic therapists should trip
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training: An Argument in Support of Firsthand Experience of Nonordinary States of Consciousness in the Development of Competence
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/psymed.2023.0004
The Psychoactive Research
LSD for dogs with autism
Disrupted Human-Dog Interbrain Neural Coupling in Autism-Associated Shank3 Mutant Dogs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39257367/
On microdosing for creativity, this study found few measurable effects but the participants reported feeling more creative on those days
Multimodal creativity assessments following acute and sustained microdosing of lysergic acid diethylamide
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-024-06680-z
For psilocybin, MDMA, ayahuasca & LSD, a meta-analysis of their antidepressant & anti-anxiety effects
Rapid and prolonged antidepressant and antianxiety effects of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, ayahuasca, and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.24308787v1
The brain connectivity changes from LSD, amphetamine & MDMA
Large-scale brain connectivity changes following the administration of lysergic acid diethylamide, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39261671/
Unsurprisingly, people who use cannabis also use kratom
Use of Cannabinoids by People Who Consume Kratom in the United States
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39012004/
The Plant & the History
Growing, Farming & Processing
What helps root growth?
Factors Influencing Adventitious Root Formation Of Floral Hemp in Propagation
https://open.clemson.edu/all_theses/4354/
On using the leaf & stem of cannabis
Assessment of value-adding components from underutilised leaf and stem of medicinal hemp
https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:mpijpri&volume=16&issue=2&article=016
A new cannabis pest in North American: the univoltine leaf beetle Psylliodesattenuata attenuata
Palearctic flea beetle and pest of hops and Cannabis, Psylliodesattenuata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), new to North America
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39015798/
In West Texas, a thesis project on optimizing hemp cultivation
Optimizing Industrial Hemp Cultivation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Practices in West Texas
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/items/fec712cb-ecd1-49e9-97b8-5eddc35596f1
On growing hemp in a Mediterranean climate
Multi-Year Insights into Industrial Hemp Growth in a Mediterranean Climate
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/9/1946
On growing hemp in toxic mine soil & the benefits of adding biochar or soil amendment
Analyzing Hemp Plant Growth in Toxic Mine Land Soil With & Without Soil Amendments
https://cdn.craft.cloud/e4a9a4fc-44e9-42c4-b2f9-46a7e976c393/assets/alumni/torresrebeccaann_7200883_165193065_Torres-RET-2024-Poster-1.pdf
A new platform for the rapid genotyping of cannabis
HASCH - A high-throughput amplicon-based SNP-platform for medicinal cannabis and industrial hemp genotyping applications
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-024-10734-z
AI to differentiate cannabis seeds
Detection and Classification of Cannabis Seeds Using RetinaNet and Faster R-CNN
https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1024/3/3/31
Food & Nutrition
When putting your hemp into a silo to be used as animal feed, the heat caused a decrease in total cannabinoid levels but an increase in conversion of cannabinoids from their acidic forms (such as THCA) to their more active non-acidic forms (THC)
Ensiling conditions and changes of cannabinoid concentration in industrial hemp
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1745039X.2024.2383216
For hemp microgreens, an analysis of the effects of different growing environments
PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND AGROPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEMP MICROGREENS IN DIFFERENT GROWING ENVIRONMENTS
https://agronomyjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2024/issue_1/Art114.pdf
Making bread from ancient wheat flour, hemp seeds, flax seeds & amaranth
Assessment of the quality of bread made from ancient wheat flour with the addition of amaranth, flax and hemp seeds
https://ejfa.pensoft.net/article/127265/
Adding cannabis leaves to soy to improve antioxidant capacity
Antioxidant activity, structural and physical properties of soy-based textured vegetable protein with added cannabis leaves as affected by extrusion process
https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijfs.17453
On improving the stability of hempseed oil with protein microcapsules
Understanding the oxidation of hemp seed oil and improving its stability by encapsulation into protein microcapsules
https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1750-3841.17314
The mineral composition of hemp seeds
THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF FLAX, CHIA AND HEMP SEEDS BASED ON X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
https://horticulturejournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2024/issue_1/Art88.pdf
Improving hemp seed nutrition with a combination of ultrasound & calcium chloride to increase the conversion of glutamate to GABA (the primary excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters of the brain respectively)
Regulation and mechanism of enzyme metabolism in germinated hemp seeds by ultrasound combined with exogenous calcium chloride treatment
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39002919/
Producing proteins by combining hemp waste with cheese whey
Valorisation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) residues and cheese whey into volatile fatty acids for single cell protein production
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39027465/
For goats, substituting hemp feed for alfalfa promoted animal health & well-being
Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage promotes the health and well‐being of goats via altering ruminal and plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aro2.77
Giving spent hemp to rams does not affect their fertility
Feeding spent hemp biomass does not adversely affect fertility in rams
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39191267/
Industrial Use
Using hemp charger to make solar panels
Experimental Analysis of Phase Change Materials Supported With Hemp-Stem-Derived Biochar for Enhanced Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion and Storage
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/experimental-analysis-of-phase-change-materials-supported-with-hemp-stem-derived-biochar-for-enhanced-solar-thermal-energy-conversion-and-storage/355330
To make better electrical supercapacitors, using honeycomb structures made from hemp hurds
Synthesis of Porous Carbon Honeycomb Structures Derived from Hemp for Hybrid Supercapacitors with Improved Electrochemistry
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39194048/
Biodiesel involving cannabis leaf extract
Eco-friendly production of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds using bismuth oxide nanocatalysts derived from Cannabis sativa L. Leaf extract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0957582024010826
CANNABINOID SCIENCE
A review of medical cannabis products
Analysis of Cannabinoids in Medicinal Cannabis Products: A Comprehensive Review
https://www.scielo.br/j/jbchs/a/Xk86PHfB7wGvqD9CXRvLfrK/?lang=en#
On the potential of cell based testing for cannabinoids by scientists at CannaMetrix
The potency puzzle
https://www.proquest.com/openview/869dccae01d8b73aa6e4b191cc33634e/1
Public Health
In tests of cognitive & psychomotor function, lower scores can be seen in heavy cannabis users after a short term abstinence but these disappear after 90 days of abstinence
Residual and enduring effects of cannabis use on cognitive and psychomotor function: A study of adults during unrestricted cannabis use, short-term abstinence, and protracted abstinence
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2025-17782-001
On how flavors are used in marketing vapes of derived cannabinoids
"Non-flavor" flavors: What are the implications of derived psychoactive cannabis product marketing?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38995631/
Measuring the response to two anti-cannabis campaigns: Stoner Sloth vs Don’t be a Lab Rat
Cannabis Users’ and Non-Users’ Differential Responses to Two Anti-Cannabis Campaigns
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10901981241267879
Nurse practitioner students greatly support the legalization of cannabis & the importance of its place in their program curricula (though only 30% felt they got a decent education on the topic)
NP student knowledge and perceptions of medical marijuana
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2024/09000/np_student_knowledge_and_perceptions_of_medical.10.aspx
Adolescents & Young Adults
For children in palliative care, dronabinol (a pharmaceutical synthetic form of THC) for 24 hours did not cause immediate improvements & there were some severe side effects (respiratory depression)
Dronabinol Is Not a Game Changer in Pediatric Palliative Care: Results from a Retrospective Study
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/9/1054
In physical dating violence among adolescents, cannabis use was not associated with violence but it increased the risk of antisocial peer associated which are linked to physical dating violence
Longitudinal examination of marijuana use and physical teen dating violence: Antisocial peers and impulsivity as mediators
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014521342400406X
In adolescents who use cannabis, an analysis of the variations in their cortical thickness & the underlying genes and molecules involved
Cells and molecules underpinning cannabis-related variations in cortical thickness during adolescence
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2024/08/28/JNEUROSCI.2256-23.2024.abstract
“Experimentation with cannabis during adolescence may influence cortical thickness by impacting glutamatergic synapses and dendritic arborization.”
Unsurprisingly, among young adults, they use hemp-derived psychoactives because they're available
Hemp-based psychoactive use and risk among young adults: Trend theory, policy, and regulation beyond legality
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39024688/
On the use of cannabis by rural adolescents
Exploring the relationship of rurality and region: An analysis of adolescent marijuana use in the United States
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871624013267
“Results demonstrated that rural adolescents in the Northeast and West reported lifetime marijuana and hash product use at the same level as their urban/suburban counterparts; however, there were differences across rurality among Midwest and Southern regions.”
In young adults, a survey on the effects of the promotions, health claims, warnings & age restrictions of cannabis retailers on their cannabis use outcomes
Young Adults' Experiences with Cannabis Retailer Marketing and Related Practices: Differences Among Sociodemographic Groups and Associations with Cannabis Use-related Outcomes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39009926/
And how their types of vaping devices alter their usage of cannabis & nicotine
Use of ENDS devices and modifications to vape cannabis among adolescents and young adults who also vape nicotine
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39003977/
For young adults with cannabis use disorder, treating them with text messages based on Motivational Interviewing
Treating young adult cannabis use disorder with text message-delivered peer network counseling
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39019156/
The Brain & Neurological Disorders
A consensus panel on the use of isolated CBD for treating the seizure disorders of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome & tuberous sclerosis complex
Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39007525/
For the terpene beta-caryophyllene, a review of how it helps the blood-brain barrier in psychiatric & neurological diseases
Beta-caryophyllene in psychiatric and neurological diseases: Role of blood-brain barrier
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029971/
In mice with no CB2 receptors, injecting them with the Aβ plaques of Alzheimer's significantly aggravated their cognitive impairment & neuroinflammation via the microglia (guardian immune cells of the brain)
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor deficiency leads to Aβ-induced cognitive impairment through promoting microglial sensitivity to Aβ in the prefrontal cortex in mice
https://www.ibroneuroreports.org/article/S2667-2421(24)00074-5/fulltext
The neuroprotective properties of a new drug were partially mediated by the CB2 receptor
Novel neuroprotective 5,6-dihydropyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives acting through cholinesterase inhibition and CB2 signaling modulation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013357/
Book: Cannabidiol in Neurology and Psychiatry by the International Review of Neurobiology
Book index
(but it’s mostly behind a paywall, though I suspect these Brazilian researchers would send it to you if you asked them)
Historical perspective on the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029980/
Cannabidiol: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029981/
Cannabidiol and epilepsy
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029983/
A journey through cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029991/
Cannabidiol and Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029982/
Cannabidiol and pain
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029988/
Therapeutic potential of CBD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029984/
Cannabidiol in anxiety disorders: Current and future perspectives
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029985/
Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in depression
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029987/
Cannabidiol and addiction
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029990/
Cannabidiol effects on fear processing and implications for PTSD: Evidence from rodent and human studies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029986/
Cannabidiol as an antipsychotic drug
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029989/
Cannabidiol in experimental cerebral ischemia
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029992/
Mental Health & Addictions
In humans, abstinence from cannabis improved emotion recognition & differentiation
Emotion Recognition and Differentiation in Cannabis Abstainers Over Time: Assessing the Role of Mental Health Problems and Cannabis Withdrawal
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383688749_Emotion_Recognition_and_Differentiation_in_Cannabis_Abstainers_Over_Time_Assessing_the_Role_of_Mental_Health_Problems_and_Cannabis_Withdrawal
In adherence to treatment for cannabis use disorder, an analysis of the effects of gender & the number of children found females with more kids the most likely to drop out
The moderating role of sex in the relationship between cannabis use treatment admission profile and treatment processes and outcomes: A gender perspective
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39018615/
In trauma-exposed cannabis users, a thesis project on their associations with anxiety & cannabis use patterns
Exploring Novel Aspects of Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Associations with Anxiety and Cannabis Outcomes in Trauma-Exposed Cannabis Users
https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/84520/ThomasSnooks2024.pdf?sequence=3
In a rat model of trauma, a thesis project on the therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoids anandamide & 2AG
Differential Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Activation Profiles of Endocannabinoids 2- AG and AEA
https://www.proquest.com/openview/24d693c16e93b65886cb3d3eafda1481/1
Pain & Surgeries
In people having breast reduction surgeries, there were no differences between the cannabis users & non users
The Use of Recreational Cannabis Among Breast Reduction Patients: Characteristics, Complications, and Immediate Postoperative Analgesic Needs
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/22925503241276549
In interviews with rural people using cannabis for pain, “narratives characterized cannabis as modifying pain-adjacent factors (eg, thoughts), not eliminating pain itself”
"It frees your body from that pain thought": A mixed-methods exploration of patterns, contexts, and experiences of cannabis use for pain in rural communities
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39025284/
The story that I always think of: talking to a rabbi in Jerusalem who said he used cannabis because the opiates made him too dopey to be a good father & get his work done. The cannabis didn’t so much alleviate the pain as much as put it farther from the center of his mind, allowing him to go about his day without focusing on it.
In a rat model of neuropathic pain, cannabis modulated the levels of cannabinoid receptors but that did not fully account for the observed behavioral changes
Cannabis sativa L. Extract Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Modulates CB1 and CB2 Receptor Expression in Rat
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/9/1065
Guts, Metabolism & Oral Health
In public health data on people with diabetes, 9% were estimated to have used cannabis in the past month
Past-Month Cannabis Use Among Adults With Diabetes in the U.S., 2021-2022
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39037352/
In a mouse model of liver injury, an inverse agonist of the CB1 receptor exacerbated liver injury, heightened serum bile acid levels, intensified liver scarring & upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines
Peripherally Restricted CB1 Receptor Inverse Agonist JD5037 Treatment Exacerbates Liver Injury in MDR2-Deficient Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38994954/
In a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, inhibiting the NAAA enzyme (which breaks down PEA & oleoylethanolamide) led to less liver scarring & decreased inflammation
Pharmacological Inhibition of N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) Mitigates Intestinal Fibrosis Through Modulation of Macrophage Activity
https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae132/7745608?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The effects of CBD & a CBD-rich hemp extract in roundworms (the common model organism Caenorhabditis elegans)
Assessment of the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and a CBD-rich hemp extract in Caenorhabditis elegans
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/toxicology/articles/10.3389/ftox.2024.1469341/abstract
And in earthworms, eating decomposing cannabis lessened their weight gain & led to a slower escape time from a heat stimulus
Escaping the hot seat: consuming decomposing Cannabis sativa slows weight gain and heat escape behaviour in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida
https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjz-2024-0031
In mice, the effects of a CB1 blocker on their fat, liver & muscle tissue
The molecular signature of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist AM6545 in adipose, liver and muscle tissue
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041008X24002795
Immune System & Microbial
In people with HIV, 12 weeks of full-spectrum CBD improved their physical functioning
Limited Impact of Cannabidiol on Health-related Quality of Life of People With Long-term Controlled HIV: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/11/9/ofae492/7742708
In an immune cell model of inflammation, CBD & THC reduced expression of both anti- & pro-inflammatory cytokines
Anti-inflammatory effects of phytocannabinoids and terpenes on inflamed Tregs and Th17 cells in vitro
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480024000431
Reproduction & Hormones
For menopause, public health data on variables associated with different types of cannabis use
A National Survey Study of Cannabis Use During Menopause: Identifying Variables Associated with Recreational, Medical, and Hybrid Use
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39042073/
In public health data on pregnancy, prenatal cannabis use was associated with severe adverse maternal health outcomes
Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal Pregnancy Outcomes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39037795/
“Prenatal cannabis use was associated with greater risk of gestational hypertension…,preeclampsia…, weight gain less than… and greater than… guidelines, and placental abruption.”
In public health data on the link between prenatal cannabis use & maternal health outcomes, I don't know what happened because of the damned paywalls
Associations Between Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal Health Outcomes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39037790/
For prenatal cannabis exposure, a review of the negatives with a focus on dopamine
Developmental exposure to cannabis compromises dopamine system function and behavior
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154624000937
In rats with prenatal exposure to cannabinoids, there were gendered differences in their cardiorespiratory systems as adults
Long-term effects on cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses in male and female rats prenatally exposed to cannabinoid
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39012058/
In monkeys with prenatal exposure to THC, they had decreased heart weight & alterations to the fetal vascular transcriptome (turning on & off genes related to the veins and arteries)
Effects of in utero exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cardiac extracellular matrix expression and vascular transcriptome in rhesus macaques
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39028280/
In mice, prenatal exposure to dronabinol (a pharmaceutical synthetic form of THC) had more anxiety, depression & cognitive impairment as well as disruptions to the reward system leading to an increased motivation to consume alcohol
Fetal Cannabinoid Syndrome: Behavioral and Brain Alterations of the Offspring Exposed to Dronabinol during Gestation and Lactation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000559/
In an adolescent rat model of cannabis vapor exposure, there was a gendered difference in alterations to the brain’s functional connectivity with more vulnerability in males
Differential effects of cannabis vapour constituents on brain connectivity: Exploring the long-term effects of adolescent exposure
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=13263&context=etd
In a mouse model of depression from maternal separation, the terpene beta-caryophyllene improved depression probably via antioxidant actions in the hippocampus (memory center of the brain)
Antidepressant potential of β-caryophyllene in maternal separation-induced depression-like in mice: A focus on oxidative stress and nitrite levels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383444712_Antidepressant_potential_of_b-caryophyllene_in_maternal_separation-induced_depression-like_in_mice_A_focus_on_oxidative_stress_and_nitrite_levels
The Heart
In a mouse model of heart injury, depression worsened their condition but injection of a drug to activate the CB2 receptor increased activation of the MIF-AMPK signaling pathway
Depression exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via CNR2 gene and MIF-AMPK signaling pathway
https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(24)01127-6/fulltext
The Lungs
In a mouse model of airway inflammation from obesity, a drug that blocks GPR55 (a receptor that may one day be known as CB3) lowered fattiness & glucose intolerance as well as mucus secretion, inflammation & scarring in the lung
GPR55 Antagonist CID16020046 Attenuates Obesity-Induced Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in the Lungs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000464/
The Skin
In people with eczema, a combination of CBD & ginger extract had potent anti-inflammatory & antioxidative effects as well as causing significant alleviations of symptoms such as itching & improvements to skin parameters
An oil-in-water emulsion containing a combination of ginger extract and synthetic cannabidiol with potent in vitro anti-inflammatory effects alleviates symptoms of atopic dermatitis in a clinical trial
https://www.jle.com/en/revues/ejd/e-docs/an_oil_in_water_emulsion_containing_a_combination_of_ginger_extract_and_synthetic_cannabidiol_with_potent_in_vitro_anti_inflammatory_effects_alleviates_symptoms_of_atopic_dermatitis_in_a_clinical_trial_351476/article.phtml
Cancer & Chemotherapy
In colon cancer cells, CBD on a carbon carrier increased its toxicity & bioavailability
Bioactive Properties and In Vitro Digestive Release of Cannabidiol (CBD) from Tailored Composites Based on Carbon Materials
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/9/1132
In cancer of the bile ducts, CBD caused potent anti-cancer activity partially via stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (protein factory of the cell)
Cannabidiol exhibits potent anti-cancer activity against gemcitabine-resistant cholangiocarcinoma via ER-stress induction in vitro and in vivo
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-024-04610-2
Synthetic Cannabinoids
A new cannabinoid identified: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabihexol acetate
Discrepancies between the stated contents and analytical findings for electronic cigarette liquid products: Identification of the new cannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabihexol acetate
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39039910/
The liver metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids ADB-P-5Br-INACA & ADB-4en-P-5Br-INACA
In vitro metabolism study of ADB-P-5Br-INACA and ADB-4en-P-5Br-INACA using human hepatocytes, liver microsomes, and in-house synthesized references
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39039949/
On how to identify synthetic cannabinoids in seized e-liquids & biological samples
Feature-Based Molecular Network for New Psychoactive Substance Identification: The Case of Synthetic Cannabinoids in a Seized e-Liquid and Biological Samples
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jasms.4c00009
Cool Chemistry & Tools
On creating cannabitwinol (CBDD – a CBD dimer, ie. a CBD attached to another CBD)
Total Synthesis of the Dimeric Phytocannabinoid Cannabitwinol (CBD Dimer) and Its Analogues
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00674
A streamlined synthesis of CBD
Batch and Continuous Flow Total Synthesis of Cannabidiol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39039021/
Thanks.
- lex
PS: For this week’s album, the perfection of Francis Bebey’s ‘Mwana O’. A treasure of Cameroon, dead too young of a heart attack, this writer, musicologist, sculptor & gifted composer/singer was the first African to combine electronic synthesizers with traditional African music. He studied math in his hometown of Douala & then broadcasting in Paris & New York before becoming a broadcaster & musicologist who popularized the use of n'dehou, a one-note bamboo flute created by the Central African pygmies, after he did field research studying their musical traditions (in that interview, you see his sense of humor. “Savage people live elsewhere than the forest. They usually live in cities. <waves hand> But this is another problem…”). His first novel, ‘Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio (Agatha Moudio's Son)’ of 1971 won many awards & I’m proposing it to be the next book in our little family book club.
I don’t often gush about these albums down here that I suspect nobody but my mother sees anyway, but this is such an entrancing piece of work & Bebey seems like a giant-hearted Big Soul. ‘Yes, I Believe In You’.
This newsletter is the backbone of my work & I hope it brings you a measure of value. If so, please consider upgrading to a paid subscription & support my sharing all of the new cannabinoid science each week.