C&P#94: Cannabinoids for MS, wounds & anxious dogs
C&P#94: Cannabinoids for MS, wounds & anxious dogs
60+ countries against the Drug War & 21 AGs against the 2018 Farm Bill
This week…
Cannabis users more likely to walk for exercise than non-users
Cannabis for MS! (the pile of evidence grows)
Advice on best practices for medical cannabis vaping
Old people now like weed
Cannabinoids improve wound healing
CBD for dogs with separation anxiety
Nine new cannabinoids
Organs donated by stoners just as good as anyone elses
Two on the brain wave effects of cannabis
Cannabis lousy for computer programming
Psychedelic cults, psychedelic assholes & the psychedelic rightwing
Hello everyone,
Welcome to the 94th edition of Cannabinoids & the People, Lex Pelger’s free weekly digest of all the new cannabinoid science + assorted canna-news & psychedelic updates. On the cannabinoids, ask me anything.
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The Canna-Science Writeup:
Analysis of the week's best papers, sponsored by CV Sciences
#MS
In 12 adults with multiple sclerosis, a nabiximol (1:1 THC:CBD spray) improved many symptoms
Effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray (Sativex®) on symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: a case series
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38384931/
You see some of the greatest evidence for cannabinoids from multiple sclerosis (MS) because it centers in the Venn diagram of what cannabinoids heal best: autoimmune disorders & neurodegeneration. In MS, your brain's own immune cells attack the myelin sheaths that allow for electrical nerve communication. Something about the mix of THC and CBD helps these patients in a number of ways.
In this case series of 12 adults with spasticity from MS, the patients were evaluated for their symptoms before the start of treatment with nabiximols (1:1 THC:CBD sprays with ~5 mg of total cannabinoids per spray – basically the PlusCBD Reserve oil except that we give more CBD). The clinicians also sought to select from a representative range of MS sub-types (ie. secondary progressive, relapsing-remitting, or primary progressive).
After treatment started, nine of the patients reduced or eliminated at least one of their other antispasticity medications. Eight of the patients experienced spasticity reductions of over 30%. One patient was a non-responder (there’s always a few, but you have to try). Pain scores reduced in all of the patients and bladder dysfunction decreased in 6 of the 7 patients who had been experiencing it. In eight of the patients, walking distance improved. All of the patients had reported sleep disturbances and this improved for all of them, with three having their sleep problems completely resolve. Eight of the patients reported an improved quality of life. For one patient, things worsened because of the persistent adverse effects of dizziness, apathy, and nightmares before they decided to discontinue.
In a quite welcome but rare move, the authors take a paragraph to describe each of the patient’s cases specifically. Overall, not only is this a very helpful document for healthcare practitioners on the ground, it would be an excellent piece of research for convincing anyone in your life with multiple sclerosis that moderate amounts of cannabinoids are an avenue too rich with potential to ignore.
To see more of the mountain of evidence for MS, see the Multiple Sclerosis page of CVResearch.info.
#WOUNDS
A review of cannabinoids improving wound healing
The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hsr2.1908
This paper covers 32 studies, including 6 in humans, on the ability of cannabinoids to improve wound healing on the skin. Let’s start with some of the tissue and animal studies involving CBD:
In the mesenchymal stromal cells that support wound healing, CBD reduced oxidative stress
In human skin stem cells (keratinocytes) and connective tissue (fibroblasts), CBD as well as cannabis extract lowered proinflammatory cytokine release and downregulated proinflammatory genes
In skin stem cells insulted by hydrogen peroxide, CBD reduced oxidative stress and maintained protein networks
Skin cells involved in wound closure saw improved cell migration and faster wound closure when treated with THC or CBD
In the skin of mice, topical CBD treatment increased wound repair molecules
And in humans,
In 3 case reports of people with epidermolysis bullosa (a painful disease of easily blistering skin and mucous membranes), all of them reported topical CBD to cause “faster wound healing, less blistering, and amelioration of pain” with one patient being able to completely stop opioid painkillers
Also, a survey of 71 patients with epidermolysis bullosa reported that topical and oral preparations helped with pain, itchiness, wound healing, and overall disease symptoms with 79% using less pain medications
In 20 people with skin disorders that cause scarring such as psoriasis or eczema, CBD topicals improved their skin parameters, reduced symptoms, and lowered clinical scores
In 2 patients with painful, nonhealing ulcers (of +6 month duration) from non-uremic calciphylaxis, topical cannabinoids stopped the need for opioids within 2 months and closed the wounds in ~2.5 months
In 14 patients with 16 challenging recalcitrant leg ulcers, 13 of the wounds closed within an average time of 34 days
In a patient with a pressure ulcer resistant to treatment for five years, she began oral THC/CBD oil for sleep and pain (which it helped) but it unexpectedly started healing her ulcer within 2 weeks and closed it completely in 2 months
It’s too bad that more extensive clinical trials haven’t been done, because all of these papers end with a plea to do so, but at least it makes it clear that putting a CBD topical on an open wound makes sense. To see more about the ECS and wound healing in the skin, go to the Skin page of CVResearch.info.
#DOGS
In dogs with separation anxiety, two weeks of 2 mg CBD/kg /day led to significantly less vocalization during separations
Possible effects of cannabidiol (CBD) administration on the vocal activity of healthy domestic dogs upon their temporary separation from caregivers
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322918/
It's a treasure trove of canine studies lately. In this paper from our old friend Dr. Nubuo Masataka (see C&P#91), he worked with 10 healthy dogs who experience separation anxiety when separated from their caregivers. For two weeks, they gave them either olive oil as a placebo or CBD at 2 mg/kg/day (that’s about half the usual dose of 5 mg/kg). The primary metric used for anxiety was the vocalizations of the dogs when being left alone. The test was performed in a rented apartment that was quite empty except for a few toys. The apartment was new to both the dog and the caregiver. Upon arrival, the caregiver played with the dog for a while but then the experimenter led the caregiver out of the room for 10 minutes. When left alone, all of the dogs vocalized more but the ones who had been receiving CBD experienced a “significantly less robust” increase in vocalizations. In conclusion, Dr. Masataka says, “as one of the possible explanations for the results, the author hypothesizes anxiolytic effects of CBD in healthy domestic dogs, as has been reported in humans.”
Lastly, this paper is also useful because it leads off with a good roundup of recent CBD/behavioral studies in dogs. To see all the research for pets, check out the Dogs & Cats page of CVResearch.info or get your pet products from PlusCBD, including their brand new line of Pet Chews.
Best Of Cannabinoid Science...
The first study of using cannabis or computer programming found that “programs implemented while high contain more bugs & take longer to write“
High Expectations: An Observational Study of Programming and Cannabis Intoxication
https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~weimerw/p/weimer-icse2024-cannabis.pdf
On using real world evidence to optimize cannabis care by Dr. Nutt et al.
Using real world evidence to optimize care: the case of medical cannabis
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14737167.2024.2322005
An atlas in rats, mice & macaques of the levels of endocannabinoid machinery in seven different organs
Roadmap for the expression of canonical and extended endocannabinoid system receptors and metabolic enzymes in peripheral organs of preclinical animal models
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.14814/phy2.15947
and an analysis of which of the minor cannabinoids & terpenes bind to cannabinoid receptors to produce cannabimimetic (cannabis-like) effects
Evaluation of cannabimimetic effects of selected minor cannabinoids and Terpenoids in mice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278584624000526
Clinical
For chronic pain, a cohort study found modest overall long-term improvement from THC & CBD oils
Cannabis oil extracts for chronic pain: what else can be learned from another structured prospective cohort?
https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/2024/04000/cannabis_oil_extracts_for_chronic_pain__what_else.12.aspx?context=latestarticles
Best practices for medical cannabis vaporization
Clinical Application of Cannabis Vaporization: Examining Safety and Best Practices
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38394323/
Cannabis & e-cigarette users more likely to be walking for exercise than non-users
The association between marijuana and e-cigarette use and exercise behavior among adults
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335524000834
Organs donated by cannabis users seem to not pose any additional risks to the transplant recipients in the early posttransplant period
Impact of deceased organ donor marijuana use on donor culture positivity and solid organ transplant recipient outcomes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38403188/
In older Americans, 10% have now used cannabis in the last year & 80% hold a favorable attitude towards our favorite plant
Unrelenting Growth and Diversification: Using the Health and Retirement Study to Illuminate Cannabis Use among Aging Americans
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38400767/
In Pennsylvania patients, 90 days of observation saw significant improvements from medical cannabis
Observational Analysis of the Influence of Medical Marijuana Use on Quality of Life in Patients
https://karger.com/mca/article-pdf/7/1/44/4180200/000536591.pdf
“Of the 103 participants who completed the study, significant improvements were observed in physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, and energy levels within the first 30 days. Participants reported significant decreases in emotional limitations, fatigue, and pain levels.”
For pediatric patients, on removing barriers to access medical cannabis
Removing barriers to accessing medical cannabis for paediatric patients
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38332979/
In people with obstructive sleep apnea, the cannabinoids caused some alterations to sleep architecture
Cannabinoid Use and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38383993/
In a case study of someone with ADHD, tremors & irritable bowel syndrome, CBD improved all three conditions
IMPROVEMENT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME AND ESSENTIAL TREMOR WITH CANNABIDIOL DESPITE USE OF METHYLPHENIDATE
https://rbnp.emnuvens.com.br/rbnp/article/view/992
Harms
People with ADHD have a 3x greater chance of cannabis use disorder
The prevalence of cannabis use disorder in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A clinical epidemiological meta-analysis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395624001249
A survey found problematic cannabis use associated with psychotic experiences
Distal and proximal risk factors of problematic cannabis use associated with psychotic-like experiences
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38306868/
In Canada, two case reports of children ingesting cannabis & a roundup of the results from accidental poisonings
Serious and life-threatening events associated with non-medical cannabis use in Canadian children and youth
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38332980/
A case report of a longtime cannabis user with bullous emphysema (damaged alveoli of the lungs that distend to form large air pockets)
Bullous emphysema in a cannabis user
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38422341/
A case report of a heavy cannabis user with brain swelling in their hippocampus
Acute toxic hippocampal encephalopathy in heavy cannabis users: A case report
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043324000888
Reviews
For the neurocognition problems of HIV (HAND), a chapter on the benefits of targeting the endocannabinoid system
Targeting the endocannabinoid system in HAND
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323997447000134
For strokes, a review of the controversies around the cannabinoids: “increased risk or potential for protection”?
Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Stroke: Increased Risk or Potential for Protection—a Scoping Review
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378727327_Cannabis_Cannabinoids_and_Stroke_Increased_Risk_or_Potential_for_Protection-a_Scoping_Review
A review of many studies on the complex relationship between anxiety & cannabis use
Cannabis and Anxiety: A Critical Review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38406383/
For Crohn's disease, a review of four studies on the use of cannabinoids finds moderate help
Effect of cannabinoids in mild-to-moderate cases of Crohn’s disease as compared to placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0137/html
For lower back pain, a review of targeting the endocannabinoid system
Targeting the endocannabinoid system for the management of low back pain
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401317/
A review on protection from neurodegeneration via the cannabinoid, Nrf2 (antioxidant) & ubiquitin (protein degradation) pathways (great chart)
Interactions Between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Nrf2, and the Cannabinoidome as Protective Strategies to Combat Neurodegeneration: Review on Experimental Evidence
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38393521/
Preclinical
In a rat model of depression, seven days of CBD treatment changed synaptic plasticity & decreased symptoms of depression
Repeated cannabidiol treatment affects neuroplasticity and endocannabinoid signaling in the prefrontal cortex of the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401791/
In a rat model of a heart attack, CBD protected the brain against injury via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & anti-cellular death mechanisms
Investigation of neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of cannabidiol in an acute coronary syndrome model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401641/
In a mouse model of neuropathic pain, CBD reduced systemic pain via the activation of the PI3Kγ/nNOS/NO/KATP signaling pathway
Cannabidiol induces systemic analgesia through activation of the PI3Kγ/nNOS/NO/KATP signaling pathway in neuropathic mice. A KATP channel S-nitrosylation-dependent mechanism
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1089860324000284
In a mouse model of sleep deprivation leading to a heightened pain sensitivity, CBD significantly improved their thresholds for thermal & mechanical pain via dopamine receptors in the medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (neural interface between motivation & action)
Exploring the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for sleep deprivation-induced hyperalgesia
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0028390824000601
In a rat model of lungs damaged by the cancer treatment methotrexate, CBD reduced many of the negatives
The effects of cannabidiol against Methotrexate-induced lung damage
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38388876/
In a tissue model of the muscle wasting caused by chemotherapy treatment, CBD protected from atrophy via the promotion of protein homeostasis & the reduction of oxidative stress
Cannabidiol protects C2C12 myotubes against cisplatin-induced atrophy by regulating oxidative stress
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpcell.00622.2023
In human skin cells, the ability of CBD to act as an antioxidant [Korean]
Antioxidant Activity of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Effect on Its Proliferation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE11337730
In human liver cells exposed to lead, CBD reduced the cellular uptake of lead & reversed the oxidative stress & inflammation it induced
Evaluation of the effect of cannabidiol on the THLE-2 liver cell line exposed to lead
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401722/
In a mouse model of schizophrenia, the stable version of CBDA (MK-810) reduced schizophrenia related behaviors such as hyperactivity, social withdrawal, increased forced swim immobility & cognitive deficits as well as downregulated CB1 & serotonin-1A receptors
Therapeutic-like activity of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester in the MK-801 mouse model of schizophrenia: Role for cannabinoid CB1 and serotonin-1A receptors
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38385841/
In rats, giving them both CBD & kratom (the last legal plant painkiller) delayed the time for the alkaloids of kratom to reach their peak in the blood as well as increasing the maximum level achieved
Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Kratom and Cannabidiol in Male Rats
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/3/318
9 new cannabinoids
Phytochemical Characterization and TRPA1/TRPM8 Modulation Profile of the Cannabigerol-Rich Cannabis sativa L. Chemotype IV
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00831
In a mouse model of eczema, the use of the traditional Korean medicine Baekho-tang (gypsum, Anemarhena asphodeloides Bunge, Glycyrhiza uralensis Fisch & Oryza sativa L) lowered inflammation & restored structural damage of the skin lipid barrier via the CB1 & CB2 receptors
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Baekho-tang Extract through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) Control in Atopic Dermatitis
https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202335243289991.page
An evergreen note on reading restricted papers:
First stop for seeing if there’s a free version of a paper, use the Google Scholar Chrome extension (Mac version), Google Scholar itself or try ResearchGate.
Three other helpful browser extensions are: Unpaywall, Open Access Button & PaperPanda
For the infamous backdoor, use Sci-Hub – the pirated papers repository (Chrome extension here). This works better for older paper than the stuff that just came out.
Finally, email the author. They’re almost always happy to oblige because, thanks to the predatory academic publishing system, they don’t make a dollar off of their papers.
the Headlines & Fav Articles
21 attorney generals unite to send a letter pushing Congress to update the “glaring vagueness” in the 2018 Farm Bill that led to the rise of psychoactive hemp-derived cannabinoids
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/21-state-attorneys-general-push-congress-to-regulate-intoxicating-hemp-products
Some bullshit bills:
The feds release a new spending bill that will continue to block Washington DC from legalizing cannabis sales
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/congressional-leaders-again-seek-to-block-d-c-marijuana-sales-while-funding-psychedelic-studies-in-new-spending-bill
In Kentucky, a proposed bill would bar people with certain drug convictions from the medical cannabis program
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/kentucky-house-votes-to-bar-people-with-some-drug-convictions-from-enrolling-in-medical-marijuana-program
In Colorado, lawmakers filed a bill to ban social media users who talk positively about any illicit substances, including state legal drugs such as cannabis, psychedelics & OTC cough syrups with codeine
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/colorado-bill-would-force-social-media-platforms-to-ban-users-who-promote-marijuana-psychedelics-and-hemp-products
The general rule of the world is that very few bills become laws – but these are some bullshit bills to even be proposing.
One good bill signed into law: In Washington, medical cannabis patients will now be exempt from the states 37% cannabis tax as long as their products meet higher testing standards
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/washington-governor-signs-law-exempting-medical-marijuana-patients-from-paying-tax-on-specified-products
I've always said, it's difficult to differentiate the adult use from the medical market, but my vision would be adult use cannabis moderately taxed & medical cannabis untaxed, but meeting high quality standards.
The US is investigating Meta for illegal drug sales on its platform
https://www.wsj.com/tech/u-s-is-investigating-meta-for-role-in-drug-sales-574944cb
which isn't exactly fair, because all of the major platforms are huge sellers of drugs.
Meanwhile, the bastards at Stripe are now refusing Substack payments from the newsletter of canna-journalist Jackie Bryant as the long arm of cannabis censorship means that her newsletter will probably have to close
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jacquelineannebryant_linkedin-the-long-arm-of-cannabis-prohibition-activity-7175854756689575936-aDfv/
As someone who lost my primary bank account of 25 years at Chase after they realized I do cannabinoid science TikToks, it’s a deplorable situation.
History Corner: in Britain, cannabis scares & hemp seed for birds during the interwar period
Hashish, Horticulture and Hemp
International
In Vienna, 60+ countries sign a joint statement led by Colombia against the current international drug control system
Crisis and division at UN drug summit: Unprecedented pro-reform coalition led by Colombia challenges “war on drugs”
https://idpc.net/press/2024/03/crisis-and-division-at-un-drug-summit-unprecedented-pro-reform-coalition-led-by-colombia
“The joint statement was preceded by a strong intervention by Colombian President Gustavo Petro, who described the current international system as “anachronistic and indolent”, and by an address by the United Nations own human rights chief, Volker Türk, urging “transformative change in global drug policy”.
H.E. Ms Laura Gil, Ambassador of Colombia to the United Nations in Vienna, said: “This is a moment of reckoning for UN drug control. The price of failed drug policies has been too high and political inertia here in Vienna is costing lives. It is time to transform the system and we pledge to bring pragmatism to an environment marked by denial”.”
Morocco reports their first legal cannabis harvest (294 metric tons!)
https://internationalcbc.com/morocco-reports-first-legal-cannabis-harvest/
And an overview of Moroccan cannabis laws
Current status of cannabis regulation in Morocco
https://wjbphs.com/content/current-status-cannabis-regulation-morocco
Zurich launches the largest cannabis pilot in Switzerland with 7500 participants
https://cannabishealthnews.co.uk/2024/03/20/switzerland-launches-largest-adult-use-cannabis-pilot/
Canada’s legalization led to less beer sales, but not liquors
Association between non-medical cannabis legalization and alcohol sales: Quasi-experimental evidence from Canada
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624000589
“Candy is dandy and liquor is quicker, You can drink all the liquor down at Costa Rica, Ain't nobody's business but my own.”
- Taj Mahal
A survey of French psychiatrists found the majority in favor of marketing medical cannabis & to a lesser extent, supportive of overall legalization
Opinions of French psychiatrists on the regulatory status of cannabis: Results from the "PsyCan - Encéphale" national online survey
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38311481/
I have to say, this surprised me. Almost all of the papers I see come out of my adopted home are on the negatives & harms. Plus, the country has one of the smallest, most anemic medical cannabis programs in Europe, though they are by far the heaviest recreational users. So I wasn’t expecting all of these French headshrinkers to come out in favor, mais on apprend tous les jours.
In Brazil, on the activism, experience & knowledge of the cannabis associations
On activism and knowledge: the experience of cannabis associations in Brazil
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38324837/
And on the Brazilian opportunities & challenges of medical cannabis
Challenges and opportunities for therapeutic use of medical cannabis
https://www.geneticsmr.com/sites/default/files/articles/year2024/vol23-1/pdf/gmr19168_-challenges-and-opportunities-therapeutic-use-medical-cannabis.pdf
And the bioethics of medical cannabis use there [Portuguese]
Bioethical reflections on the medicinal use of cannabidiol
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378054345_Reflexoes_bioeticas_sobre_o_uso_medicinal_do_canabidiol
And on the Catholics divided over Brazil’s debate about decriminalizing cannabis
https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2024/03/catholics-divided-as-brazil-debates-decriminalizing-marijuana-use
In Bangladesh, the history of traditional cannabis cultivation
Traditional cultivation and the production system of Cannabis by the Ganja Society in Naogaon, Bangladesh
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377203550_Traditional_cultivation_and_the_production_system_of_Cannabis_by_the_Ganja_Society_in_Naogaon_Bangladesh
The Laws, The War on Drugs & the End of Prohibition
In Chicago, cannabis decriminalization & their Alternative Cannabis Enforcement (ACE) program still led to major racial disparities in arrests
Assessing the Impact of Cannabis Decriminalization on Racial Disparities in Chicago’s Cannabis Possession Arrests
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/23326492241232322
In Canada, the differences between those buying cannabis from licit versus illicit sources (mostly it’s younger & more frequent users)
Individual differences in legal and illicit cannabis purchasing behaviour in British Columbia, Canada: Findings from a 2021 cross-sectional survey
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401174/
In this study of workplace safety, adult-use cannabis laws were associated with a 10% increase in injuries among younger workers (20 – 34 years)
Recreational Marijuana Legalization and Workplace Injuries Among Younger Workers
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38393722/
But it must be noted that one of the authors gets funding from the Drug Enforcement & Policy Center – and this study feels sus.
In middle school students, the laws on adult-use cannabis sales in their state had no impact on their cannabis usage
Increasing lifetime and past 30-day marijuana use among middle school students regardless of recreational marijuana sales
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38452424/
Driving
A review on the complexities of tying cannabis use to impairment
Complexity of Translating Analytics to Recent Cannabis Use and Impairment
https://academic.oup.com/jaoac/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jaoacint/qsae015/7614637?redirectedFrom=fulltext
A review of the portable detectors of THC in biofluids
Recent advances in the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids: a systematic review
https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-024-00216-0
And a review of the various detectors of cannabinoids in oral fluids
Detection of Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid Specimens as the Preferred Biological Matrix for a Point-of-Care Biosensor Diagnostic Device
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/3/126
Psychedelics, Plant Medicines & Other Psychoactives
Two case studies on how integration isn’t always the right response to post-psychedelic difficulties
Is 'integration' always the right term for coping with post-psychedelic difficulties?
On the use of psychedelics leading down the right-wing rabbit hole by Mary Carreón
Swallowing the Psychedelic Red Pill
https://doubleblindmag.com/psychedelic-conspiracy-theories/
On differentiating psychedelic cults
On how psychedelics makes some people bigger assholes by Rich Haridy
Ego tripping: Why do psychedelics "enlighten" some people — and make others giant narcissists?
https://www.salon.com/2024/03/08/ego-tripping-why-do-psychedelics-enlighten-some-people--and-make-others-giant-narcissists/
The Plant & the History
Growing & Farming
An editorial on the pandemic of the hop latent viroid
Hop Latent Viroid – A pandemic among cannabis and hops
https://www.hanftest.at/en/hop-latent-viroid-2/
Irrigation with saltwater decreased biomass while plant growth & nitrogen uptake were improved by a biostimulant made from the legume protein hydrolysate
Effect of saline irrigation and plant-based biostimulant application on fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) growth and phytocannabinoid composition
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1293184/full
In Texas, the impact of herbicides in the soil on cannabis yield & toxicity
Impact of Soil-Residual Herbicides on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Phytotoxicity and Biomass Yield in West Texas
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D339CF5850A9A3207DB5F88E83D2FA14/S0890037X24000137a.pdf/impact_of_soilresidual_herbicides_on_industrial_hemp_cannabis_sativa_l_phytotoxicity_and_biomass_yield_in_west_texas.pdf
On how to optimize micropropagation via callus formation
Optimization of Callus Formation In Cannabis sativa L.
https://jct.araku.ac.ir/article_711456_en.html
On using AI to analyze cannabis seed characteristics & their macronutrient profiles
Differentiation of Cannabis seeds employing digital morphological screening and infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate modeling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092666902400164X
Analyzing the many metabolites inside cannabis
Charting the Cannabis plant chemical space with computational metabolomics
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581363v1.full.pdf
Analyzing the cannabis of Romania
INDIGENOUS CANNABIS SATIVA - THE PHARMACOGNOSTICAL ANALYSIS OF A WEED-TYPE VARIETY
https://abmj.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/10.2478_abmj-2024-0001.pdf
On analytical tests for the geographic sourcing of cannabis
Method development for an untargeted HS-SPME-GC–MS analysis of terpenes and cannabinoids for the geographical sourcing of Marijuana
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000146
On an improved method for gene transfer using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/664
Hemp as Food
A European analysis finds hemp seeds to have a limited number of mycotoxins
Investigation on the presence of mycotoxins in seed hemp varieties
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2024.2311850
In laying hens, feeding them hemp seeds improved the fat quality of their egg yolks & combined well with dried fruit feed
Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Hemp Seeds Alone or with Dried Fruit Pomace on Laying Hens’ Performance and on Lipid Composition and Oxidation Status of Egg Yolks
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/750
On the characteristics of Scottish hemp oil & byproducts
NUTRIENT CONTENT AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SCOTTISH HEMP OIL AND OIL BY-PRODUCTS
https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2164/22825/Executive_summary_Scottish_hemp_oil_report_Rowett_Institute_with_logos.pdf?sequence=1
A review of the nutritional properties of hempseed proteins
Exploring the Nutritional Potential and Functionality of Hemp and Rapeseed Proteins: A Review on Unveiling Anti-nutritional Factors, Bioactive Compounds, and Functional Attributes
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202402.1349/v1
Industrial Use
On making bioethanol from hemp stalks
Application of Proton Ionic Liquid in the Process of Obtaining Bioethanol from Hemp Stalks
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piotr-Jachimowicz/publication/378375476_Application_of_Proton_Ionic_Liquid_in_the_Process_of_Obtaining_Bioethanol_from_Hemp_Stalks/links/65d792c9c3b52a1170eaca98/Application-of-Proton-Ionic-Liquid-in-the-Process-of-Obtaining-Bioethanol-from-Hemp-Stalks.pdf
On making paper from hemp & softwood pulp
Properties of mixture of hemp bast and softwood pulp for filter paper manufacture
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38333817/
On using hemp fibers to clean streams of the naphthenic acids from oil sand processing
Hemp fibers derived porous carbon for naphthenic acids removal from contaminated aqueous stream
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13399-024-05361-3
For hemp-lime concrete walls, an analysis of the types of wall finishes & renewal regimes
Life cycle assessment of hemp-lime concrete wall constructions: The impact of wall finish type and renewal regimes
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352710224005084
CANNABINOID SCIENCE
Public Health
In the US over the last 10 years, people are using more cannabis
Historical Trends in Cannabis Use among U.S. Adults Aged 19-55, 2013-2021
https://www.jsad.com/doi/abs/10.15288/jsad.23-00169
It turns out that whether someone thinks they're filling out a crime survey or a health survey, they're still pretty honest about their cannabis use
Assessing the Prevalence of Cannabis Use Through a Survey About Criminal Activity Versus One About Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10826084.2024.2320391
Adolescents & Young Adults
Among college students, those with elevated social anxiety were more likely to be using cannabis to manage negative affect
Social Anxiety and Cannabis-Related Problems: The Serial Roles of Distress Tolerance and Cannabis Use Motives
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10826084.2024.2320400
In adolescents, a genetic variant of the FAAH enzyme had lower symptoms of depression
Genetic variation in endocannabinoid signaling: Anxiety, depression, and threat- and reward-related brain functioning during the transition into adolescence
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166432824000810
In California teens, the co-use of tobacco & cannabis is associated with lower grades & absenteeism
Co-Use of Tobacco Products and Cannabis Is Associated with Absenteeism and Lower Grades in California High School Students
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309521/
In vapes confiscated from the schools of California, an analysis of their contents
Chemical Composition of Electronic Vaping Products From School Grounds in California
https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntae042/7614232?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The Brain & Neurological Disorders
Brain scans showed cannabis users that have a weaker theta switch cost response as well as increased theta activity
The neural oscillations serving task switching are altered in cannabis users
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02698811241235204
In mice, using a novel probe to measure the effects of cannabinoids on the brain wave oscillations in their hippocampus (a memory center)
T-DOpE probes reveal sensitivity of hippocampal oscillations to cannabinoids in behaving mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38402238/
“Focal infusion of CB1R agonist downregulated theta and sharp wave-ripple oscillations (SPW-Rs). Furthermore, we found that CB1R activation reduces sharp wave-ripples by impairing the innate SPW-R-generating ability of the CA1 circuit.”
In a tissue model of neuroinflammation from chemotherapy treatment, CBD was not as efficacious as the CBD derivative KLS-13019 which seemed to work via the GPR55 receptors (which may one day be known as CB3)
Knockdown siRNA targeting GPR55 reveals significant differences between the anti- inflammatory actions of KLS-13019 and cannabidiol
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr812183
A computer analysis of THCV for epilepsy
Molecular docking and toxicity prediction of ∆⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) as antiepileptic phytocannabinoid of cannabis sativa
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375305465_Molecular_docking_and_toxicity_prediction_of_-tetrahydrocannabivarin_THCV_as_antiepileptic_phytocannabinoid_of_cannabis_sativa
In neurons of the hippocampus (memory center of the brain), the endocannabinoid fatty acids EPEA & DHEA prevented the production of proinflammatory cytokines & neurotoxic metabolites
Omega-3-derived endocannabinoids prevent interlukin-1-beta-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in human hippocampal neurons
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453023007928
In rat brains, a drug that activates the CB1 & CB2 receptor altered their immune system & behavior via dopamine receptors
Immune and glial cell alterations in the rat brain after repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572824000432
Using a synthetic polymer to improve CBD deliverability to the brain for neuroinflammation
Therapeutic Polymer-Based Cannabidiol Formulation: Tackling Neuroinflammation Associated with Ischemic Events in the Brain
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00244
Mental Health & Substance Use Disorders
Surprisingly, using vaporized cannabis caused people to direct their attention away from cannabis cues (no significant impact if the cannabis contained CBD or not)
The acute effects of cannabis, with and without cannabidiol, on attentional bias to cannabis related cues: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-024-06543-7
A case report of using osteopathy to lower cannabis use
Osteopathic Approach in the Stimulation of the Endocannabinoid System: A Case Report
https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/case_report/pdf/227854/20240225-13946-12wpdr5.pdf
In a survey from Washington, the simultaneous use of alcohol & cannabis was a predictor of cannabis-related problems
Associations between simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis and cannabis-related problems in 2014-2016: evidence from the Washington panel survey
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38396047/
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, a genetic analysis found downregulation of the genes for enzymes that synthesize endocannabinoids
Selective alterations of endocannabinoid system genes expression in obsessive compulsive disorder
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02829-8
In bipolar disorder, a genetic analysis of the association of the TRPV1 receptor with CB1 & an opioid receptor
Investigation of TRPV1 gene expression in bipolar disorder and its association with CB1 and MOR gene expression
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38061295/
A review on the potential of CBD for schizophrenia
Cannabidiol, cognition and schizophrenia: a narrative review
https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/em/Article/1001204
In a mouse model of alcohol use disorder, THC increased drinking at moderate doses but not high doses
Repeated Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol administration dose dependently increases stablished schedule-induced drinking
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-024-06563-3
New MAGL inhibitors for treating depression
Discovery of a novel class of reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors for potential treatment of depression
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S022352342400165X
A reinforcement learning algorithm for reducing cannabis use
reBandit: Random Effects based Online RL algorithm for Reducing Cannabis Use
https://arxiv.org/html/2402.17739v1
Pain & Surgeries
In people with neuropathic facial pain, PEA combined well with pregabalin (a GABA agonist) & nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant) for lowering pain
The Comparative Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) With the Combination of Pregabalin and Nortriptyline on Post-extraction Trigeminal Neuropathy by Using Magnetic Resonance (MR) Neurography: A Randomized Clinical Trial
https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/204693/20240225-26758-trkyfh.pdf
On the dosing of CBD for osteoarthritis
Cannabinoids dosing for osteoarthritis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322713/
In people having abdominal wall reconstruction surgery, cannabis smokers were more likely to have the same level of complications, though the severity of those complications tended to be greater
Cannabis smoking and abdominal wall reconstruction outcomes: a propensity score-matched analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38386125/
In a cohort study of those, undergoing breast reconstruction surgery, there were no differences in complications besides increased opioid use & postoperative venous thromboembolism
The Impact of Marijuana Use on Postoperative Outcomes in Abdominal-Based Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2277-0117
In patients having spinal fusion surgery, chronic cannabis use was associated with increased opioid use, a longer length of stay & a higher rate of revision surgery
Risks associated with chronic cannabis use on opioid use, length of stay, and revision rate for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309626/
In a mouse model of pain, activating the NAAA enzyme (which raises the level of PEA) protected from pain via the PPAR-α nuclear receptors that control genetic transcription
NAAA-regulated lipid signaling in monocytes controls the induction of hyperalgesic priming in mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38402219/
Hormones & Reproduction
In a pregnant cohort study of Spain, the factors that predicted cannabis cessation during pregnancy included early detection of cannabis use, referral to mental health care for counseling & interventions during the first trimester
Predictors for cannabis cessation during pregnancy: a 10-year cohort study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401055/
In Australians with endometriosis, cost was often a major barrier to access & a reason to reduce dosage
A survey of cost, access and outcomes for cannabinoid-based medicinal product use by Australians with endometriosis
https://europepmc.org/article/med/38415783
A thesis project in prenatal rats where cannabinoid exposure altered their later memory through changes to glutamate receptor levels
Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure Affects Memory through Alterations in Glutamatergic Receptor Expression
https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/undergradsymposiumksu/fall2023/presentations/159/
The Immune System & Antimicrobial
In a mouse model of HIV, inhibiting the MAGL enzyme (which raises levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG) caused neuroprotective effects as well as the lowering of pain
Acute Effects of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX1431 on Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Nociception, Locomotion, and the Endocannabinoid System in HIV-1 Tat Male Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38394322/
In mice, how synthetic cannabinoids alter their immune system antibodies
Study of the specifics of the formation of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies to low molecular weight substances (synthetic cannabinoids and antidepressants) in laboratory mice
https://www.proquest.com/openview/6dd492a1673aabbe1d2814ef31ad8de7/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=706378
The Guts, Metabolism, Oral Health & CHS
A case report of episodic vomiting where the researchers stressed the need to rule out other causes before diagnosing cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Rule out all differentials in episodic vomiting before attributing it to cannabis
https://www.multiresearchjournal.com/admin/uploads/archives/archive-1676272327.pdf
In humans with obesity being fed a low-nutrient quality diet, they had increased fat levels of the enzyme DAGL-α (which synthesizes 2-AG)
Nutrient composition of different energy-restricted diets determines plasma endocannabinoid profiles and adipose tissue DAGL-α expression; a 12-week randomized controlled trial in subjects with abdominal obesity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401691/
In a mouse model of diabetes, deleting the CB1 receptors on their beta cells (synthesizers of insulin) protected their islets, beta cell function & lessened progression to hyperglycemia
Beta cell specific cannabinoid 1 receptor deletion counteracts progression to hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic mice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877824000371
In a mouse model of constipation, hemp seed extract improved intestinal motility, the symptoms of constipation & the proliferation of beneficial gut microbes
Hemp Seeds Attenuate Loperamide-induced Constipation in Mice
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353015/abstract
The Genitourinary System
In humans as well as a mouse model of kidney scarring, the enzyme MAGL (which degrades 2-AG) is a potential diagnostic marker for kidney function decline & targeting it may be a way to lower kidney scarring via lessening the toxicity of the lipids
MAGL protects against renal fibrosis through inhibiting tubular cell lipotoxicity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38389852/
The Skin
In a double-blind trial of people with eczema, a PEA cream significantly reduced symptoms including redness, dryness & total eczema scores
Efficacy of topical palmitoylethanolamide (Levagen+) for the management of eczema symptoms: A double blind, comparator controlled, randomized clinical trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38408443/
Cancer & Chemotherapy
For colon cancer, a review of using the flavonoids from cannabis
FLAVONOIDS FROM MARIJUANA AND OTHER HERBS IN COLON CANCER
https://ijoeete.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/22-dr-sanj.pdf
A review of the little known about the interactions between cervical cancer treatment & cannabis
Cannabis sativa: Cervical cancer treatment- Role of phytocannabinoids-A story of Concern
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simuzar-Sultan/publication/378312188_Cannabis_sativa_Cervical_cancer_treatment-Role_of_phytocannabinoids-A_story_of_concern/links/65d619cdadc608480ade6f66/Cannabis-sativa-Cervical-cancer-treatment-Role-of-phytocannabinoids-A-story-of-concern.pdf
In ovarian cancer cells, cannabis altered gene pathways related to cell death
Integrated transcriptome and cell phenotype analysis suggest involvement of PARP1 cleavage, Hippo/Wnt, TGF-β and MAPK signaling pathways in ovarian cancer cells response to cannabis and PARP1 inhibitor treatment
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322025/
Cool Chemistry & Tools
On creating cannabis tablets that dissolve quickly
Fabrication of Orally Fast-Disintegrating Wafer Tablets Containing Cannabis Extract Using Freeze-Drying Method
https://karger.com/mca/article-pdf/7/1/51/4181122/000537926.pdf
On making CBD nanoparticles
Development and Characterization of the Novel Cannabidiol Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles to Boost the Bioavailability in Medicinal Oral Supplements
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3974993/v1/a1710ce5-1a33-47af-a113-cdb6b80eb371.pdf?c=1710326118
On fluorescent probes for the CB1 receptor
Highly Selective Drug-Derived Fluorescent Probes for the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R)
https://chemrxiv.org/engage/api-gateway/chemrxiv/assets/orp/resource/item/65d62a8a9138d23161a757a5/original/highly-selective-drug-derived-fluorescent-probes-for-the-cannabinoid-receptor-type-1-cb1r.pdf
On decreasing the toxicity of CBD/metal oxide nanoparticles
One-Step Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Cannabidiol: Characterisation and Cytotoxicity Assessment in Human Keratinocyte Cells
https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/slct.202304373
On producing cannabinoids from brewer’s yeast
Engineering cannabinoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38403455/
Thanks.
- lex
PS: From two masters, the Grammy-winning album ‘An Evening with Harry Belafonte and Miriam Makeba’. Uniting the King of Calypso & Mama Africa, these two singers & civil rights heroes came together for these 12 traditional African tunes sung in languages like Xhosa & Zulu.
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